What is monocrystalline silicon wafer?

Single crystal silicon wafer, referred to as silicon wafer, is a circular sheet-like material whose atoms have been artificially rearranged, and is a high-purity semiconductor material with a crystal orientation. 

Since silicon accounts for 26% of the mass of the earth's crust, single crystal silicon is currently the main semiconductor material. Monocrystalline silicon is a form of elemental silicon. When the molten elemental silicon is solidified, the silicon atoms are arranged in a diamond lattice into many crystal nuclei. 

If these crystal nuclei grow into crystal grains with the same crystal plane orientation, these crystal grains will be crystallized into single crystal silicon when they are combined in parallel. 

The purity of integrated circuit level is required to reach more than 9N (99.9999999%), and the zone melting single crystal silicon wafer even reaches more than 11N (99.999999999%). It is usually obtained by Czochralski (CZ) and zone fusion (FZ) growth, and its crystallographic orientation is determined by the seed crystal. Monocrystalline silicon is currently the most important semiconductor material, accounting for more than 90% of the semiconductor material market, and is the basic material for information technology and integrated circuits.